Here's a breakdown:
* Katinig (pronounced ka-ti-nig) refers to any sound produced by partially or completely obstructing the flow of air from the lungs through the vocal tract. This contrasts with vowels, which are produced with a free flow of air.
Examples of consonants in Tagalog:
* p (as in "papaya")
* b (as in "baboy")
* t (as in "talaba")
* d (as in "dalaga")
* k (as in "kayo")
* g (as in "gulay")
* m (as in "mama")
* n (as in "nanay")
* ng (as in "mangga")
* s (as in "sapatos")
* h (as in "hangin")
* w (as in "wala")
* y (as in "yayaman")
* l (as in "lalaki")
* r (as in "rosas")
It's worth noting that the sounds represented by the letters "c" and "j" in Tagalog are actually combinations of consonants and vowels:
* c is usually pronounced as "k" (as in "cabbage")
* j is usually pronounced as "dy" (as in "jeepney")
Let me know if you have any other questions about Tagalog!