1. Perfect Tenses:
* Present Perfect: "I have written a letter." (Have/has + past participle)
* Past Perfect: "She had eaten dinner before we arrived." (Had + past participle)
* Future Perfect: "We will have finished the project by Friday." (Will have/shall have + past participle)
2. Passive Voice:
* "The ball was thrown by the boy." (Be verb + past participle)
* "The book is being read by the students." (Be verb + being + past participle)
3. After Modal Verbs:
* "You should have studied harder." (Modal verb + have + past participle)
* "I might have gone to the party, but I wasn't feeling well." (Modal verb + have + past participle)
4. Adjectives:
* "The broken vase was beyond repair." (Past participle used as an adjective)
* "The excited children were waiting for the show to begin." (Past participle used as an adjective)
5. Phrasal Verbs:
* "I've looked up the word in the dictionary." (Some phrasal verbs use the past participle)
* "The train is pulled up at the platform." (Some phrasal verbs use the past participle)
Remember:
* The past participle is not always formed by adding "-ed" to the base verb. Many verbs have irregular past participles (e.g., "gone," "seen," "written").
* The past participle can be used in different ways, depending on the context.