It's a common question in Spanish-speaking academic settings. It's asking about the specific year of the student's academic program.
Here's a breakdown:
* En qué: This means "In what"
* año: This means "year"
* de la carrera: This means "of the degree"
* estás: This is the informal form of "you are"
So the whole phrase is asking: "In what year of your degree are you?"