Definition:
Relative pronouns are words that connect a dependent clause (a clause that cannot stand alone as a sentence) to a main clause. They refer to a noun or pronoun in the main clause (called the antecedent) and introduce a relative clause that provides additional information about it.
Common Relative Pronouns:
* who (refers to people)
* whom (object form of "who")
* whose (possessive form of "who")
* which (refers to things or animals)
* that (can refer to people, things, or animals)
Examples:
* The woman who lives next door is a doctor. (The relative pronoun "who" refers to "woman" and introduces the relative clause "who lives next door.")
* The book that I borrowed is very interesting. (The relative pronoun "that" refers to "book" and introduces the relative clause "that I borrowed.")
* The dog, whose tail is wagging, is very friendly. (The relative pronoun "whose" refers to "dog" and introduces the relative clause "whose tail is wagging.")
Functions of Relative Pronouns:
* Subject of the relative clause:
* The girl who won the race is from our school.
* Object of the relative clause:
* The teacher whom I admire is very knowledgeable.
* Possessive pronoun in the relative clause:
* The house whose windows are broken is abandoned.
Note:
* "That" can often be used interchangeably with "who" or "which," but it is generally preferred in restrictive clauses (clauses that are essential to the meaning of the sentence).
* Relative pronouns can also introduce non-restrictive clauses (clauses that provide additional information but are not essential). In these cases, commas are used to separate the relative clause from the main clause.
Example:
* The house, which is located on a hill, has a beautiful view. (Non-restrictive clause)