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Do you put a comma before or after the word including?

The placement of a comma before or after "including" depends on whether it introduces a list or a parenthetical phrase.

Comma before "including":

* When "including" introduces a list of items, the comma goes before it.

* Example: "We have many fruits in our store, including apples, oranges, and bananas."

Comma after "including":

* When "including" introduces a parenthetical phrase that could be removed without changing the meaning of the sentence, the comma goes after it.

* Example: "Our store offers a wide variety of fruits, including, but not limited to, apples, oranges, and bananas."

No comma needed:

* When "including" is used in a non-parenthetical phrase and is not introducing a list.

* Example: "The price includes shipping."

Here's a simple rule of thumb:

* If you can remove the phrase after "including" without changing the sentence's meaning, you need a comma after it.

* If the phrase after "including" is essential to the meaning of the sentence (like a list), you need a comma before it.

Remember, these are just guidelines. You can always check a style guide for more specific rules.

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