* Possession: "The book *of* my friend"
* Part of a whole: "A piece *of* the cake"
* Material: "A statue *of* marble"
* Origin: "A song *of* the 1980s"
To understand the meaning of "of" in a specific sentence, you need to look at the context.
If you're looking for a synonym for "of", then depending on the context, you could use phrases like:
* Belonging to: "My friend's book"
* Made from: "A marble statue"
* From: "A 1980s song"
Ultimately, there's no single short sentence that can capture the full essence of "of".