Time
* After the rain stopped, we went for a walk. (Time sequence)
* Before you go, please close the window. (Time sequence)
* Since you're here, let's grab some coffee. (Time since)
* While I was cooking, the phone rang. (Simultaneous actions)
* When I saw you, I smiled. (Time of an event)
Cause and Effect
* Because I was tired, I went to bed early. (Cause)
* Since it's raining, we should stay inside. (Cause)
* As the sun set, the temperature dropped. (Cause and effect)
* So that you can hear me, I'll speak louder. (Purpose)
Contrast
* Although it was cold, we went swimming. (Contrast)
* Even though I was nervous, I gave a good presentation. (Contrast)
* While I like pizza, I also love tacos. (Contrast)
Condition
* If you study hard, you will pass the test. (Condition)
* Unless you hurry, you'll miss the bus. (Condition)
* In case it rains, bring an umbrella. (Condition)
Other
* Wherever you go, I will follow. (Location)
* However much you try, you can't change the past. (Degree or extent)
* Whoever you are, you are welcome here. (Identity)
Important Note: The subordinating conjunction usually introduces a dependent clause, which cannot stand alone as a sentence.