1. In chemistry:
* Astringent refers to a substance that causes the contraction of tissues and mucous membranes. This often leads to a drying or tightening effect.
* Examples include tannins found in wine, tea, and some fruits.
2. In everyday language:
* Astringent can be used to describe something that is harsh, severe, or unpleasant. This meaning is more figurative and is often used to describe things like criticism or situations.
Here's a breakdown with examples:
Chemistry:
* "The astringent properties of witch hazel helped to soothe my skin." (Witch hazel contains tannins that contract the skin, making it useful for treating irritations.)
* "Red wine has astringent qualities due to the tannins in the grapes." (The tannins in red wine cause a drying sensation in the mouth.)
Figurative:
* "The criticism was harsh and astringent." (The criticism was severe and unpleasant to hear.)
* "The movie had an astringent tone, leaving you feeling uneasy." (The movie had a harsh or unpleasant feeling to it.)
The meaning of "astringent" will usually be clear from the context of the sentence.