1. Shift in Meaning:
* Figurative language: Slang often uses metaphors or similes to create a new meaning. For example, "sick" can mean "cool" or "amazing," completely unrelated to its original meaning of illness.
* Hyperbole and understatement: Slang can exaggerate or downplay the original meaning. "Epic" can be used to describe something that is simply good, while "dead" can mean "tired" or "exhausted."
* Idioms and expressions: Slang often creates unique expressions that have a specific meaning within the slang context. For example, "spill the tea" means "reveal gossip."
2. Narrowed or Broadened Scope:
* Specialized meaning: Slang can narrow the meaning of a word to a specific context or group. For example, "lit" can mean "exciting" or "fun," but only in the context of a party or event.
* Generalized meaning: Slang can broaden the meaning of a word to encompass a wider range of situations. For example, "dope" can refer to something good, impressive, or even just enjoyable.
3. Connotation and Tone:
* Informal and casual: Slang is often used in informal settings and carries a casual tone. This can affect the emotional weight of a word, making it more playful, humorous, or even sarcastic.
* Group-specific identity: Slang can create a sense of belonging among a particular group, like teenagers, musicians, or gamers. Using slang can signal membership and solidarity within that group.
4. Evolution and Obsolescence:
* Changing meanings: Slang is constantly evolving, with words gaining new meanings or becoming obsolete. For example, "rad" was once a popular slang term, but it is now considered outdated.
* Regional variations: Slang can vary significantly by region or even social group. What is considered slang in one area might be completely different in another.
In short, slang words often diverge from their parent meanings through figurative language, hyperbole, specific contexts, and evolving cultural trends. They provide a unique and dynamic way to express oneself and build connections within specific groups.