Literal Meaning:
* Dictionary Definition: It refers to the most basic, straightforward definition of a word or phrase, as found in a dictionary. It's the objective meaning, devoid of any implied or figurative sense.
* Example: "The sun is shining" - The literal meaning is that the sun is emitting light.
* Focus: On the exact words and their direct meanings.
Intended Meaning:
* Contextual Interpretation: It takes into account the context in which the words are used, including the speaker's intentions, tone of voice, and the overall situation.
* Example: "The sun is shining" said on a rainy day might mean, "It's a good day for a picnic, even though it's raining."
* Focus: On the speaker's message and understanding the hidden layers of meaning.
Here's a breakdown with examples:
| Category | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Literal Meaning | The direct, dictionary definition | "I am hungry." (Meaning: The speaker needs to eat.) |
| Intended Meaning | The implied or intended message beyond the literal | "I am hungry." (Intended meaning: The speaker wants someone to offer them food.) |
Here are some cases where literal and intended meanings differ:
* Figurative Language: Metaphors, similes, idioms, and hyperbole all rely on intended meanings different from their literal ones. "He's as strong as an ox" does not literally mean the person is physically like an ox.
* Sarcasm: Someone saying "That was a brilliant idea!" in a sarcastic tone implies the opposite of what they literally said.
* Irony: A situation where the outcome is the opposite of what was expected. "It's ironic that the fire station burned down."
In summary:
* Literal meaning focuses on the dictionary definition of words.
* Intended meaning considers the context and the speaker's message.
* Understanding both literal and intended meanings is crucial for effective communication.