Formal:
* Asphalt
* Pavement
* Runway (when referring specifically to airport surfaces)
Informal:
* Blacktop
* Macadam
* Hardstand (for a parking area)
The best synonym will depend on what you're trying to describe. For example, "asphalt" is a more general term than "runway" and is often used in place of tarmac when referring to roads.