Here's a breakdown:
* Auxiliary verb "have": This indicates that the action has been completed.
* Past participle: This is the form of the verb that typically ends in "-ed" or "-en" (e.g., "walked," "broken"). It describes the completed action.
There are three main perfect tenses in English:
1. Present Perfect: Describes an action that started in the past and continues up to the present (e.g., "I have lived in this city for 10 years.")
2. Past Perfect: Describes an action that was completed before another past action (e.g., "I had eaten lunch before I went to the store.")
3. Future Perfect: Describes an action that will be completed before a specific future time (e.g., "I will have finished my work by tomorrow.")
Key points to remember:
* Perfect tenses express a relationship between the time of the action and the present moment.
* Perfect tenses are often used to show that an action is complete, even if the exact time of completion is not specified.
Examples:
* Present Perfect: I have seen that movie. (The action of seeing the movie is completed, and it happened at some unspecified time in the past.)
* Past Perfect: I had already left when you called. (The action of leaving was completed before the action of calling.)
* Future Perfect: By the time you arrive, I will have finished cooking dinner. (The action of cooking dinner will be completed before the future action of arriving.)
Overall, the perfect form of a verb tense is a powerful tool for expressing complex temporal relationships and conveying information about completed actions or states.