Here are some common methods:
1. IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet):
* Length marks: A colon (:) is added after the vowel symbol to indicate a long vowel sound. For example:
* /i:/ (long i)
* /a:/ (long a)
* /u:/ (long u)
2. Dictionary markings:
* Double vowels: Two identical vowels are used to represent a long vowel sound. For example:
* "ee" for long e (as in "see")
* "oo" for long o (as in "moon")
3. Other systems:
* Macrons: A horizontal line (¯) placed above the vowel symbol can indicate a long vowel sound. This is more common in languages like Spanish, where it is a standard part of the orthography.
* Breves: A short horizontal line (˘) above the vowel symbol can indicate a short vowel sound.
Important to note: The specific symbol or combination of symbols used for a long vowel sound can vary depending on the context and the specific phonetic system being used.
If you're unsure how a long vowel sound is represented, it's always best to consult the specific phonetic transcription system being used.