WWI:
* Imperial German Army: The Imperial Eagle (a black eagle with a crown) represented the German Empire.
* Prussian Army: The Iron Cross, a black cross on a white field, was a symbol of courage and sacrifice.
* Bavarian Army: The Bavarian coat of arms featured a diamond-shaped shield with a lion rampant, symbolizing strength and power.
WWII:
* Wehrmacht (Army): The Iron Cross, used in various forms, still signified courage and sacrifice.
* Waffen-SS (Schutzstaffel): The SS runes, two mirrored "S" symbols, were meant to represent "Schutzstaffel" and were later associated with Nazi ideology and racial purity.
* Luftwaffe (Air Force): The Swastika, a symbol of Nazi ideology, was displayed on the helmets of Luftwaffe personnel.
* Kriegsmarine (Navy): The Iron Cross was used, sometimes with additional symbols like a naval flag or the "eagle and swastika" emblem.
Post-WWII:
* Bundeswehr (Federal Armed Forces): Since the establishment of the Bundeswehr in 1955, the Iron Cross has been the most prominent emblem, albeit without the swastika. The German Federal Eagle, a black eagle with wings outstretched, is also frequently used.
Other Symbols:
* Unit Insignia: Many German helmets featured unit-specific insignia, such as the regimental number, division crest, or a special symbol representing the unit's role or achievements.
* Rank Insignia: Rank insignias, such as stripes, chevrons, or braids, were often worn on the helmets.
It's important to note that the use of certain symbols, like the swastika and SS runes, is now banned in Germany due to their connection to Nazi ideology.
The emblems on German helmets reflect the history and changing symbolism of the German military. They provide a visual representation of the different eras and regimes that shaped the country's military identity.