* Old Norse: The word originates from the Old Norse word "ulf" meaning "wolf."
* Middle English: It evolved into the Middle English word "gulpen," which meant "to swallow," likely referencing the way wolves devour prey.
* Modern English: By the 15th century, "gulpen" morphed into "engulph" (later "engulf"), incorporating the prefix "en-" meaning "in" or "into." This solidified the meaning of the word to mean "to swallow up completely," as if something were being swallowed by a wolf.
So, the core meaning of "engulf" has been linked to the image of a wolf swallowing its prey, emphasizing the idea of being completely consumed or overtaken.