It was used by various civilizations that rose and fell in this region, including:
* Sumerians: The earliest known users of cuneiform, they developed the writing system around 3200 BCE.
* Akkadians: Conquered the Sumerians and adopted their writing system.
* Babylonians: Developed a more sophisticated version of cuneiform, used for literature, law, and administration.
* Assyrians: Employed cuneiform for their vast empire, including royal inscriptions and official records.
* Hittites: A powerful kingdom in Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) that adopted cuneiform for their own language and administration.
While primarily used in Mesopotamia, cuneiform spread to other regions through trade and conquest, and was also adopted by some other civilizations, including the Persians and Elam.
