1. In Hinduism:
* Revelation, divine knowledge: Shruti refers to the sacred texts of Hinduism, particularly the Vedas, which are believed to be divinely revealed knowledge. These texts are considered authoritative and timeless.
* Audible sound, hearing: Shruti also signifies the act of hearing, specifically the perception of sound. This connects to the idea of the Vedas being "heard" by ancient sages.
* Musical scale, pitch: In Indian classical music, Shruti refers to a very fine division of the musical scale, often translated as "microtones." These subtle variations in pitch create a vast and nuanced melodic landscape.
2. In other contexts:
* Tradition, established practice: In general usage, shruti can also refer to established customs, traditions, or knowledge passed down through generations.
* Hearing, perception: Shruti can simply mean "hearing" or "listening" in a broader sense.
In summary, "shruti" is a multifaceted term with multiple interpretations. Its precise meaning depends on the specific context in which it is used. In Hinduism, it primarily refers to divine revelation and sacred texts. In music, it signifies microtones and fine divisions of the musical scale. And in general usage, it can refer to traditions, customs, or the act of hearing.