Kwashiorkor is a form of malnutrition primarily caused by protein deficiency. It often occurs in children who are weaned from breast milk to a diet low in protein and high in carbohydrates. This leads to a deficiency in essential amino acids needed for growth and development.
Here are some key characteristics of kwashiorkor:
* Edema (swelling): Most commonly seen in the legs, feet, and abdomen.
* Growth retardation: Children with kwashiorkor are significantly smaller than healthy children their age.
* Skin changes: The skin may become dry, scaly, and discolored, and may have lesions or sores.
* Hair changes: Hair may become thin, brittle, and lose its color, becoming reddish or blond.
* Irritability and lethargy: Children with kwashiorkor often display lethargy, apathy, and irritability.
* Swollen belly (ascites): Fluid accumulation in the abdomen is another common symptom.
* Fatty liver: The liver can become enlarged and fatty due to protein deficiency.
Kwashiorkor can be life-threatening if left untreated. Treatment involves addressing the underlying protein deficiency through a special diet rich in protein, essential nutrients, and calories.
It's important to note that kwashiorkor is not just about protein deficiency. It often occurs alongside other nutritional deficiencies, including deficiencies in vitamins and minerals.
If you suspect a child may have kwashiorkor, it is crucial to seek medical attention immediately.