Here's why:
* Common nouns are general names for people, places, or things. They are not specific and can be used for many different individuals or objects. Examples include:
* dog
* city
* book
* river
* Proper nouns are specific names for people, places, or things. They are always capitalized. Examples include:
* Fido (a specific dog)
* London (a specific city)
* The Lord of the Rings (a specific book)
* Mississippi River (a specific river)
In summary: Common nouns are generally lowercase, while proper nouns are capitalized.