Capitalize "African" when it refers to:
* A person or people from Africa: "The African delegation arrived yesterday."
* A language or culture from Africa: "I'm learning about African art."
* A specific region or country in Africa: "The Sahara Desert is located in North Africa."
Do not capitalize "African" when it refers to:
* The continent itself: "Africa is the second-largest continent."
* Something related to the continent in a general sense: "African wildlife is diverse."
Example:
* Correct: "The African woman spoke about her experiences."
* Incorrect: "The African woman spoke about her experiences in Africa." (You would not capitalize "Africa" here because it refers to the continent.)
In general, it's best to avoid overcapitalization. When in doubt, stick to the guidelines above.