Old English Literature (c. 450-1150 AD)
* Language: Written in Old English, a Germanic language that is very different from Modern English. It's characterized by a complex grammar, a large number of inflections (word endings), and a vocabulary that is often unfamiliar to modern readers.
* Content: Often focused on epic poems, heroic legends, and religious themes. Notable examples include:
* Beowulf: A famous epic poem about a warrior who fights a monster.
* The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A historical account of Anglo-Saxon England.
* The Exeter Book: A collection of poems, riddles, and religious texts.
* Writing Style: Generally characterized by a formal, elevated tone and a focus on oral tradition.
Middle English Literature (c. 1150-1500 AD)
* Language: Written in Middle English, a transitional language that emerged as a result of the Norman Conquest. It is closer to Modern English but still contains many archaic words and grammatical features.
* Content: Expanded beyond epic poetry to include a wider range of genres, including:
* Romances: Tales of chivalry, love, and adventure, such as "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight."
* Religious works: Religious plays, moral tales, and translations of the Bible.
* Lyric poetry: Poems that expressed personal emotions and experiences, such as the poems of Geoffrey Chaucer.
* Writing Style: More varied than Old English literature, with a growing emphasis on realism and individual expression.
Key Differences
* Language: Old English is significantly different from Modern English, while Middle English is a closer relative.
* Genres: Middle English literature covers a wider range of genres than Old English.
* Content: While both periods feature epic poetry and religious themes, Middle English literature also explores romantic, social, and personal themes.
* Writing Style: Middle English literature is more varied and reflects a growing awareness of individual expression.
In short, Old English literature is characterized by its archaic language and focus on epic poetry and heroic legends, while Middle English literature represents a transition towards a more modern language and a wider range of genres.