Here are some of the languages most closely related to Portuguese:
Iberian Romance Languages:
* Spanish: The most closely related language to Portuguese, sharing a common ancestor (Galician-Portuguese) from the Middle Ages.
* Galician: Spoken in Galicia, Spain, it is very similar to Portuguese and was once considered a dialect.
* Catalan: Spoken in Catalonia, Spain, and Andorra, it has similarities to Portuguese but is further removed.
Other Romance Languages:
* Italian: While not as closely related as the Iberian languages, Italian shares a significant number of similarities with Portuguese due to their common Latin roots.
* French: French, like Italian, has a Latin origin but is further removed from Portuguese. There are some similarities, but fewer than with the Iberian languages.
* Romanian: Spoken in Romania, it is a Romance language with a different branch from the other languages listed. It has some similarities to Portuguese, but is more distantly related.
Note: There are many other Romance languages spoken around the world, but these are the ones most closely related to Portuguese.
The relationships between these languages can be represented visually as a family tree:
```
Latin
|
+-- Galician-Portuguese
|
+-- Portuguese
|
+-- Spanish
+-- Catalan
+-- Italian
+-- French
+-- Romanian
```
This shows that Portuguese, Spanish, and Galician are all branches of the same immediate family tree, while Italian, French, and Romanian are more distant relatives.