* Penal: Relating to punishment, especially legal punishment. (Example: "The penal code outlines the legal consequences of various crimes.")
* Penalty: A punishment for breaking a rule or law. (Example: "The penalty for speeding is a fine and points on your license.")
* Penitentiary: A prison, especially one for long-term offenders. (Example: "He was sent to the penitentiary for his crimes.")
* Penance: A self-imposed punishment for sin. (Example: "The monk did penance by fasting and praying for a week.")
* Impunity: Exemption from punishment or harm. (Example: "They acted with impunity, knowing they would face no consequences.")
* Punitive: Relating to punishment or intended as punishment. (Example: "The judge imposed punitive measures to deter future crime.")
* Punishable: Worthy of being punished. (Example: "Driving under the influence is a punishable offense.")
* Punic: Relating to Carthage, a city in ancient North Africa that was known for its fierce punishment of its enemies. This word isn't directly derived from "poena," but it carries a similar connotation of punishment and hostility.
These words demonstrate the different ways the root "poena" can be used to convey ideas of punishment and its consequences.