1. Choice of words:
* Formal vs. Informal: A speech given at a conference will use formal language, while a conversation with friends might be more informal. This reflects the level of formality required by the situation and the relationship between speakers.
* Technical vs. Layman: A scientist discussing research will use highly technical language, while explaining the same concept to a layperson would require simpler terms.
* Emotional vs. Neutral: Depending on the speaker's intent, language can be emotionally charged (e.g., expressing anger or joy) or neutral and objective.
2. Sentence Structure:
* Complexity: Speeches and formal writing often employ complex sentence structures, while casual conversations might use shorter, simpler sentences.
* Directness: Direct, imperative language is used for giving commands, while indirect, polite language is used for making requests.
3. Nonverbal Communication:
* Tone of voice: The way a speaker delivers words conveys meaning, adding layers of emotion and nuance.
* Body language: Posture, gestures, and facial expressions complement the spoken word, further enriching the meaning.
* Proximity and Eye Contact: Physical proximity and eye contact between speakers can influence the dynamics of communication and convey intimacy or formality.
4. Context and Audience:
* Shared knowledge: Speakers adjust their language based on the audience's assumed knowledge. If speaking to a group of experts, they might use specialized jargon.
* Cultural norms: Different cultures have varying communication styles, influencing things like the degree of directness, use of humor, and the amount of formality.
Examples:
* Purpose: To inform: A teacher explaining a concept will use clear language and simple examples to ensure understanding.
* Purpose: To persuade: A politician giving a speech will use emotionally charged language and rhetorical devices to sway their audience.
* Purpose: To entertain: A comedian might use slang, wordplay, and exaggerated delivery to make people laugh.
In essence, the purpose of spoken language shapes every aspect of its use, from the vocabulary and grammar to the nonverbal cues and cultural considerations.