Formal:
* Taóng Panuruan (This is the most formal and widely used term)
Informal:
* Taon ng Pag-aaral
* Taong Panukulan (This is less common, but can be used)
Other:
* Taon-aralan
* Taong Eskwela (This is also less common)
You can also use the phrase "panahon ng pag-aaral" which translates to "period of learning" to describe the school year.
It's important to choose the appropriate term based on the context and audience.