Before European Arrival, the Maori:
* Were skilled navigators and seafarers. They traveled throughout Polynesia, eventually settling in New Zealand around the 13th century.
* Developed a strong connection to the land and natural world. Their beliefs and practices revolved around respect for the environment and the interconnectedness of all things.
* Had a complex social structure. They were organized into tribes (iwi) and sub-tribes (hapu) with chiefs (rangatira) and other leaders.
* Practiced agriculture and fishing. They cultivated crops like kumara (sweet potato) and taro, and fished in the surrounding waters.
* Were skilled craftspeople. They created intricate carvings, weaving, and other crafts using materials like wood, bone, and stone.
* Had a rich oral tradition. They passed down stories, songs, and history through generations, preserving their culture and knowledge.
* Were fiercely independent and protective of their land. They fought wars and defended their territory against invaders.
* Had a complex belief system. This system included gods and goddesses, ancestral spirits, and a strong connection to the natural world.
It's crucial to remember that these are general characteristics. There were significant variations in cultural practices, beliefs, and lifestyles across different Maori tribes and regions.
Key points to avoid:
* Stereotyping: Don't portray all Maori as the same. There were diverse traditions and beliefs.
* Oversimplifying: The Maori were a sophisticated and complex society with rich culture and history.
* Romanticizing: The Maori faced challenges and conflict just like any other people.
Instead of seeking a single, best description, it's best to learn about the diverse and rich history of the Maori by exploring their specific traditions, beliefs, and experiences.