Instead, the concept of "panghihinang" or "bigay kaya" was more prevalent. This refers to a "bridewealth" or "gift exchange" where the groom's family would offer gifts, often in the form of:
* Land: This could be a piece of land, a farm, or even a share of a larger estate.
* Gold: Gold ornaments, jewelry, or even gold coins were valuable gifts.
* Slaves: While slavery existed in pre-colonial Philippines, it wasn't as widespread as in other societies. Gifting slaves was less common than other forms of wealth.
However, these gifts were not solely for the groom or his family. They served multiple purposes:
* Recognizing the bride's family: The gifts showed respect and appreciation for the bride and her family.
* Formalizing the union: The exchange of gifts signified the official marriage and the joining of two families.
* Supporting the couple: The gifts could help the newly married couple establish their own home and family.
It's also worth noting that:
* The value of the gifts was negotiated between the families. The gifts were not predetermined and could vary depending on the social standing and wealth of the families involved.
* Gifts could also come from the bride's family. While the groom's family typically gave more, the bride's family might contribute gifts of their own.
* The exact practices varied across different regions and social groups.
Therefore, while the term "dowry" might be used loosely, it's crucial to understand that the practice of "panghihinang" was distinct from the Western concept of dowry. It was a complex system of gift exchange that served multiple purposes and reflected the social and economic structures of pre-colonial Filipino societies.