* Time period: Opinions evolved over time. Initially, Cortés was celebrated as a conqueror who brought wealth and expanded Spanish power. Later, as the brutality of his conquests became more apparent and the exploitation of Indigenous people became a major point of discussion, his image tarnished.
* Social class: The wealthy elite, who benefited from the spoils of conquest, likely viewed Cortés more favorably than the common people who suffered from increased taxes and inflation.
* Religious views: Some clergy, particularly the Dominican friars, condemned Cortés' cruelty and his exploitation of Indigenous peoples, while others defended his actions as necessary for spreading Christianity.
* Personal beliefs: Individuals within the Spanish society held diverse opinions, ranging from admiration for his courage and ambition to disgust at his methods.
Here's a breakdown of some general perceptions:
Positive Views:
* Conqueror and Hero: Many saw Cortés as a brave and ambitious figure who expanded Spanish power and brought wealth to the Crown. He was also seen as a symbol of Spanish strength and dominance.
* Pioneer: Some regarded him as a pioneer who opened up new lands and resources, leading to the development of new trade routes and industries.
* Christianizer: Certain segments of the Spanish society saw Cortés as a vehicle for spreading Christianity and saving the indigenous populations from their "primitive" beliefs.
Negative Views:
* Brutal Tyrant: Critics condemned his cruelty towards the indigenous populations, including the massacre of Tenochtitlan and the destruction of Aztec civilization.
* Exploiter: Many saw Cortés as driven by greed and the desire for personal wealth, rather than the good of Spain. They criticized his exploitation of indigenous people and his ruthless pursuit of gold.
* Traitor: Some considered Cortés a traitor for disobeying orders from the Spanish Crown and acting independently.
It's important to note:
* Complex legacy: Cortés's legacy is undeniably complex and fraught with contradictions. While he remains a figure of historical importance, his actions and motivations continue to be debated.
* No single answer: It's impossible to capture the diverse range of opinions held by Spanish people about Cortés. His image is multifaceted and reflects the various social, political, and religious currents of the time.
By understanding the different perspectives, we can get a better grasp of the historical context in which Cortés operated and the enduring impact of his actions on both Spain and the Americas.