* Complex Social Structures: The Philippines was not a single unified nation, but various distinct and sophisticated societies. Each had its own hierarchical social organization, often with chiefs or datus holding political and religious authority.
* Advanced Agriculture: Filipinos practiced advanced agricultural techniques like terracing, irrigation, and the cultivation of rice, demonstrating their understanding of nature and resource management.
* Trade Networks: Extensive trade networks connected different communities within the islands and with neighboring regions like Southeast Asia and China. This showcased their economic prowess and cultural exchange.
* Religion and Beliefs: Filipinos had their own complex animistic beliefs and religious practices, with powerful spiritual figures and a reverence for nature.
* Art and Craftsmanship: Evidence of intricate weaving, metalworking, pottery, and woodcarving testifies to the artistic and technical skills of the Filipinos.
* Written Languages: Though not a single unified language, various indigenous scripts and writing systems existed across the islands, indicating their literacy and knowledge.
It's important to note:
* The term "civilized" can be subjective and should be considered with caution. It's crucial to avoid Eurocentric biases and recognize that "civilization" manifests in diverse ways.
* The arrival of the Spaniards brought significant changes to Filipino society, including the imposition of Christianity, the Spanish colonial system, and a disruption of traditional cultural practices.
In conclusion, Filipinos were already a complex, sophisticated, and culturally rich people with a rich history long before the arrival of the Spaniards. Their achievements demonstrate their capacity for civilization and self-governance.