Greetings:
* Здравствуйте (Zdravstvuyte): This is the most formal and widely used greeting, similar to "Hello" or "Good day." It is used for strangers, older people, and in more formal settings.
* Добрый день (Dobryy den'): This literally means "Good day" and is used during the daytime, typically from about 10 am to 6 pm. It's more informal than "Zdravstvuyte" but still polite.
* Добрый вечер (Dobryy vecher): This means "Good evening" and is used from around 6 pm onwards. It's also more informal than "Zdravstvuyte".
* Привет (Privet): This is the informal "Hello" and is used among friends and family. It's similar to "Hi" in English.
* Здоро́во (Zdravóvo): This is a very informal greeting, similar to "Hey" or "What's up?" It's mainly used among close friends and in casual settings.
Farewell:
* До свидания (Do svidaniya): This is the most formal goodbye, similar to "Goodbye."
* Пока (Poka): This is the informal goodbye, similar to "Bye."
* До встречи (Do vstrechi): This means "Until we meet again" and is more formal than "Poka".
* Всего хорошего (Vsego horoshego): This means "All the best" or "Have a good one" and is a friendly farewell.
Important Note:
* The use of "вы" (vy) and "ты" (ty) is crucial. "Вы" is the formal form of "you," while "ты" is the informal form. When addressing someone formally, you must use "вы" and "Здравствуйте" (Zdravstvuyte) for the greeting. With friends and family, you use "ты" and "Привет" (Privet).
Remember that using the right greeting and farewell depending on the situation and your relationship with the person you are addressing is important in Russian culture.