你是什么国籍? (nǐ shì shénme guójí?)
Here's a breakdown:
* 你 (nǐ) - you
* 是 (shì) - to be
* 什么 (shénme) - what
* 国籍 (guójí) - nationality
You can also use:
你是哪国人? (nǐ shì nǎ guó rén?)
* 你是 (nǐ shì) - you are
* 哪 (nǎ) - which
* 国 (guó) - country
* 人 (rén) - person
Both phrases are grammatically correct and commonly used, so you can choose whichever you prefer.