2021考研英语四级语法用法辨析汇总
一、some和any的用法
some意为“一些”、“几个”,通常用于肯定句中。现将其主要用法归纳如下:
1)some作形容词用时,可以修饰复数可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。例如:
There are some students in the classroom. 教室里有几个学生。
There is some milk in the glass. 杯子里有一些牛奶。
2)some作代词用时,可在句中作主语或宾语。例如:
Some of the boys are playing games now. 有几个男孩现在正在做游戏。
I have no paper. Please give me some. 我没有纸了,请给我一些吧。
3)some有时也可以用在疑问句或条件句中,表示请求、建议,并期望得到对方的肯定回答。它也可以用于反问句中。例如:
Can you give me some money? 你能给我一些钱吗?
Would you like some more rice? 再来点米饭好吗?
Why don't you buy some flowers for her? 你为什么不给她买些花呢?
If you want (some), I'll give you some. 如果你想要(一些),我就给你一些。
any也有“一些”的意思,但它常用在否定句、否定答语或疑问句中。其具体用法如下:
1)any作形容词用时,可以修饰可数名词的单数或复数,也可以修饰不可数名词。例如:
Do you have any questions to ask? 你有什么问题要问吗?
There isn't any water in this bottle. 这个瓶子里没有水。
2)any作代词用时,也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何”的意思,起强调作用。例如:
You may take any of them. 这些东西,你随便拿哪个都行。
Any man with eyes in his head can see that he's exactly like a rope. 任何一个头上长有眼睛的人都能看出,他完全像一根绳子。
3)any有时也可用于条件句中。例如:
If you have any time, please come to my house. 如果你有时间,请来我家(玩)。
If you have any, give us some. 如果你有的话,就给我们一点儿吧。
二、some和any的区别
1)一般说来，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句。例如：
She wants some chalk.
She doesn't want any chalk.
2)any可与not以外其他有否定含义的词连用，表达否定概念。例如：
He never had any regular schooling.
3)any可以用于表达疑问概念的条件句中。例如：
If you have any trouble, please let me know.
4)在下列场合，some也可用于疑问句。
1、说话人认为对方的答复将是肯定的。例如：
Are you expecting some visitors this afternoon?(说话人认为下午有人要求，所以用some)
Are you expecting any visitors this afternoon?(说话人不知道下午是否有人来，所以用any)
Didn't you give him some tickets?(说话人认为票已经给他了。问题的回答是：Sure I did)
Did you give him any tickets?(说话人不知道是否给票了。回答可能是yes或no。)
2、款待用语或问句的实质等于提出一个要求并希望得到肯定的回答时。例如：
Won't you have some more tea?
Could you get me some clips?
这类用语中的some不能用any代替。
3、在“Let me know if you need any help.”这类条件句中，可用some代替any。
用any表示说话人完全不知道对方是否需要帮助，或表示说话人愿意向对方提供无限量的帮助。
Let me know if you need help.
用some 则表示提供对方某种程度的、确定的帮助，或者表示期待肯定的回答。
Let me know if you need some help.
三、some和any的练习
填空:
1. I can see_____birds in the tree.
2. There isn't_____orange juice in my bottle. Please give me_____ .
3. —Do you have_____picture-books? —No, I don't have_____ . But I have_____story-books.
4. —Is there_____rice in the bag? —No, there isn't_____ .
5. —Are there_____boys in the classroom? —No, but there are_____girls in it.
6. —Which one can I take? —You may take_____one of them.
7. —Would you like_____fruit juice, please? —No. I'd like_____tea.
8. If you have_____questions, please put up your hands.
9. May I ask you_____questions, Miss Wang?
10. Can you see_____bikes under the tree?
答案:
1. some
2. any; some
3. any; any; some
4. any; any
5. any; some
6. any
7. some; some
8. any
9. some
10. any
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2021英语四级语法形容词和副词：many,old 和 far
2021大学英语四级语法目录汇总
1) 如果后接名词时， much more +不可数名词
many more +可数名词复数
2) old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。 elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。
My elder brother is an engineer.
Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.
3) far 有两种比较级，farther，further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。
在美语中，father 表示距离，further表示进一步。
I have nothing further to say.
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2021考研英语四级语法用法辨析：work 和 do 在口语中的用法
2021考研英语四级语法用法辨析汇总
请看下面的这道题：
—How do you feel after taking the medicine?
—Oh, it __________. I'm feeling much better now.
A. costs B. loses C. does D. works
分析：此题应选D。容易误选C。在口语中，动词do, work有两个用法值得注意。如：
1. work 表示“行得通”或“奏效”等。如：
The plan worked well. 这个计划很起作用。
The drug will not work. 这药不会起作用。
It worked like a charm. 这产生了奇效。
Your idea won't work in practice. 你的想法实际上行不通。
Will these new methods work? 这些新方法会奏效吗?
I think your suggestion will work. 我想你的建议会奏效的。
The medicine worked and the pain went away soon. 这药效很好，疼痛很快就消失了。
2. do 表示“行”、“适合”、“凑合”。如：
Will that do? 那行吗?
Any dictionary will do. 什么词典都行。
This won't do. I'll take that. 这个不行，我要那个。
I'm terribly hungry. Get me something to eat, please. Anything will do. 我饿极了，请给我弄点吃的东西来，什么都行。
—When shall we meet again? 我们什么时候再见面?
—Any time will do. It's all the same to me. 什么时候都行，我无所谓。
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