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2017年6月英语四级语法知识:基本时态

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  英语的时态(tense)j是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。

  下面就英语中常见的八种基本时态进行阐述,其它的时态都是在这八种时态的基础上结合而成的。

  一、一般现在时:

  1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

  2.时间状语:always,usually,often,sometimes,every week (day,year, month…),once a week,on Sundays,

  3.基本结构:动词原形(如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要加(e)S)

  4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don’t,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn’t,同时还原行为动词。

  5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。

  6.例句:It seldom snows here.

  He is always ready to help others.

  Action speaks louder than words.

  二、一般过去时:

  1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

  2.时间状语:ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year, night, month…),in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago, once upon a time,etc.

  3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词

  4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn’t,同时还原行为动词。

  5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。

  6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.

  I didn’t know you were so busy.

  三、现在进行时:

  1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

  2.时间状语:now,at this time,these days, etc.

  3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing

  4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.

  5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。

  6.例句:How are you feeling today?

  He is doing well in his lessons.

  四、过去进行时:

  1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

  2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

  3.基本结构:was/were+doing

  4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing.

  5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。

  6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.

  When he came in,I was reading a newspaper.

  五、现在完成时:

  1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。

  2.时间状语:recently,lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.

  3.基本结构:have/has + done

  4.否定形式:have/has + not +d one.

  5.一般疑问句:have或has。

  6.例句:I’ve written an article.

  It has been raining these days.

  六、过去完成时:

  1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。

  2.时间状语:before,by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.

  3.基本结构:had + done.

  4.否定形式:had + not + done.

  5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。

  6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.

  By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books

  七、一般将来时:

  1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

  2.时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

  3.基本结构:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.

  4.否定形式:was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didn’t,同时还原行为动词。

  5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。

  6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.

  It is going to rain.

  八、过去将来时:

  1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。

  2.时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

  3.基本结构:was/were/going to + do;would/should + do.

  4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.

  5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。

  6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.

  I asked who was going there .





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