Here's a breakdown of Hindi tenses:
Present Tense
* Simple Present: Describes actions happening now or habitual actions. Example: मैं खाता हूँ (main khaata hoon - I eat).
* Present Continuous: Describes actions happening at the moment of speaking. Example: मैं खा रहा हूँ (main khaa raha hoon - I am eating).
* Present Perfect: Describes actions completed recently or with lasting effects. Example: मैं खा चुका हूँ (main khaa chuka hoon - I have eaten).
* Present Perfect Continuous: Describes actions that started in the past and are still ongoing. Example: मैं खा रहा हूँ (main khaa raha hoon - I have been eating).
Past Tense
* Simple Past: Describes actions that happened in the past. Example: मैं खाया (main khaaya - I ate).
* Past Continuous: Describes actions that were happening at a specific point in the past. Example: मैं खा रहा था (main khaa raha tha - I was eating).
* Past Perfect: Describes actions that happened before another past action. Example: मैं खा चुका था (main khaa chuka tha - I had eaten).
* Past Perfect Continuous: Describes actions that continued for a period of time before another past action. Example: मैं खा रहा था (main khaa raha tha - I had been eating).
Future Tense
* Simple Future: Describes actions that will happen in the future. Example: मैं खाऊँगा (main khaaonga - I will eat).
* Future Continuous: Describes actions that will be happening at a specific time in the future. Example: मैं खा रहा होगा (main khaa raha hoga - I will be eating).
* Future Perfect: Describes actions that will be completed before a future time. Example: मैं खा चुका होगा (main khaa chuka hoga - I will have eaten).
* Future Perfect Continuous: Describes actions that will have been happening for a period of time before a future time. Example: मैं खा रहा होगा (main khaa raha hoga - I will have been eating).
Other Considerations:
* Aspect: Indicates the duration, completion, or repetition of an action (e.g., "I ate" vs. "I was eating").
* Mood: Expresses the speaker's attitude towards the action (e.g., imperative, indicative, subjunctive).
* Formal vs. Informal: Hindi has formal and informal forms of verbs, which can impact tense usage.
Keep in mind that this is a simplified overview. Hindi grammar can be complex, and there are nuances in how tenses are used and combined with other grammatical elements.