For Bible verses:
* Using chapter and verse numbers: This is the most common way to abbreviate verses, especially in academic or religious contexts. For example, "John 3:16" refers to the 16th verse of the 3rd chapter of the Gospel of John.
* Using "vv." for multiple verses: "John 3:16-21" refers to verses 16 through 21 of the 3rd chapter of John.
* Using "ff." for "and following verses": "John 3:16ff" refers to verse 16 and all the verses that follow in the same chapter.
For poetry:
* Using line numbers: This is common in poetry analysis and criticism, especially when referring to specific lines within a poem. "Line 14" or "Lines 5-8" are examples.
* Using "ll." for "lines": "Lines 14-18" refers to lines 14 through 18 of the poem.
* Using "ff." for "and following lines": "Line 14ff" refers to line 14 and all the lines that follow within the poem.
For other types of texts:
* Using "par." or "para." for paragraphs: "Paragraph 3" or "Paragraphs 4-7" can be used to refer to specific paragraphs.
* Using "sec." for sections: "Section 2" or "Sections 3-5" can be used to refer to specific sections within a longer piece of writing.
General guidelines:
* Context matters: Choose the abbreviation that makes the most sense in your specific context.
* Be consistent: Use the same abbreviation throughout your writing.
* Avoid ambiguity: Make sure your abbreviations are clear and unambiguous.
Remember: Abbreviating verses should be done sparingly and should not replace full citations when needed.