As a noun:
* The residents of the neighborhood were happy with the new park. (Referring to people living in a place)
* The hospital's residents are doctors in training. (Referring to people living in a specific place for a specific purpose)
* The building has 100 residential units. (Referring to housing units)
* She's a long-time resident of this city. (Emphasizing duration of residency)
As an adjective:
* The resident doctor was on call all night. (Describing someone who lives and works in a specific place)
* The city's resident population has increased by 10% in the last year. (Describing people who live in a place permanently)
* The hospital is looking for a new resident physician. (Describing a job position)
Other uses:
* He is a resident alien in the United States. (Describing someone who has the legal right to live in a country)
* She's a resident expert on medieval history. (Describing someone who is knowledgeable about a specific topic)
These are just a few examples. The specific usage of "resident" will depend on the context of the sentence.