It's a hyperbolic statement, emphasizing the intense desire the speaker has for the object or experience in question.
Here are some examples of how it can be used:
* "I'd give the world for a cup of coffee right now." (Meaning: The speaker is extremely tired and wants coffee very badly.)
* "I'd give the world to see my family again." (Meaning: The speaker is missing their family greatly and would do anything to be reunited with them.)
* "I'd give the world to have a chance to travel the world." (Meaning: The speaker deeply desires to travel and would give up anything for that opportunity.)
Essentially, it conveys a strong longing for something and a willingness to pay any price to achieve it.